In lung cancer cell lines (A247, A549, HTB171, H322, H1299) and HEK cells, the ZAR1 promoter was highly methylated as analysed by COBRA, in HeLa and H358 lung cancer cells partially methylated and in HCC-15 lung cancer cells unmethylated (Figs. 1c and 4a). Here, ZAR1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.