Using traditional therapies, such as metformin, sulphonylureas and insulin, near-normal HbA1c levels were achieved in numerous trials but mortality from cardiovascular disease was either not affected (The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group, 1998; The Advance Collaboration group, 2008; Duckworth et al., 2009) or increased (The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group et al., 2008). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.