Since hyperglycemia is considered the main risk factor for diabetic retinopathy [27, 28] and the levels of IL-1β are increased in the retinas of diabetic rats [14–17], we evaluated the effect of elevated glucose on IL-1β expression in retinal neural cultures in order to evaluate if high glucose per se is capable of upregulating IL-1β expression. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Hyperglycemia.