With respect to IPF, a compelling body of clinical evidence and experimental studies also demonstrated an aberrant Wnt signaling activation in IPF pathogenesis [9-11, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69], and RNA-Seq analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue from patients with IPF revealed enrichments of transcripts related to Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways [80]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.