Similar to what is seen in Wnt5A and emphysema, an exposure of CS to PMBC cells of COPD patients was found to induce Wnt5B expression, along with an increased expression of genes related to small airway remodeling, such as fibronectin, matrix MMP-2, MMP-9, and Snail [50]. Here, FN1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.