EPHA4 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Our findings suggest that patients with AD-HIES frequently carry methicillin-resistant, PVL-positive, and SEK/SEQ-positive strains, indicating significant virulence potential since PVL has been associated with worse outcomes during S. aureus pneumonia [24], and SEK and SEQ have been shown to contribute to T cell activation in a mouse model of pneumonia [25].