CAT and gastric ulcer: It is probable that direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging roles or increases of intracellular SOD, CAT, and GSH-px events in gastric tissues were responsible for AMHAE-assisted protective activity against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, which is consistent with an earlier report that Aronia melanocarpa showed significant increases in free radical scavenging activity, antioxidant capability, and decreases of lipid peroxidation [30].