However, AMHAE pretreatment displayed significant increases of IL-4 (6.92-fold) and HSP-70 (4.57-fold) levels and a decline of NF-κB p65 (2.62-fold), TNF-α (2.66-fold), and MCP-1 (6.63-fold) levels compared to the ethanol-induced ulcer control group (Figure 9). Here, TNF is linked to ulcer disease.