The NGS methodology holds the promise of improving our knowledge on the pathogenesis of leukemia, through the concomitant evaluation of multiple molecular new markers (such as IDH1/2 [55], RUNX1 [42,43], TET2 [6]), together with established ones, such as NPM1 [42,43], and through the possibility of serially analyzing the clonal evolution of AML [16,17]. The gene discussed is IDH1; the disease is leukemia.