CTCF is recognized to be a positive transcriptional modulator of tumour suppressor genes that are commonly silenced in cancer cells, including p16/INK4A, p14/ARF, p53, pRB and BRCA1, while it may have either an activating or repressive action on c-MYC, depending upon cell type [239]. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and neoplasm.