Patients harbouring VHL, RET or NF1 mutations show syndromic diseases, such as von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (retinal, cerebellar and spinal hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic tumours and pheochromocytoma), type IIA multiple endocrine neoplasia (medullary thyroid carcinoma, parathyroid adenomas and pheochromocytoma) and type 1 neurofibromatosis (skin pigmentation, neurofibromas, brain tumours, and pheochromocytoma) [41]. Here, VHL is linked to hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma.