NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Luedde and colleagues demonstrated that IKKα and IKKβ regulate biliary homeostasis and promote hepatocellular carcinoma by phosphorylating receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), which is involved in both apoptosis and programmed necrotic cell death (necroptosis), independent of NF-κB.