It is also of interest that both SOX5 (P=0.02) and the T2D-associated gene signature (P=0.05) had reduced expression in human islets from non-diabetic donors (n=45) with BMI above median (27 kg m−2), which may be at higher risk of developing T2D, compared with islets from non-diabetic donors with BMI below the median. The gene discussed is SOX5; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.