Furthermore, it is likely that this marker is not particular to S. Typhimurium infection of the MLN, but is a more general marker for bacterial infection, and possibly inflammation, as evidenced by increased PalC levels in the plasma of Crohn’s Disease (CD) patients and the PalC/acylcarnitine transporter mutation that has been linked to CD43, 44. This evidence concerns the gene SPN and Crohn disease.