We also quantified levels of cell-free DNA and metalloproteinase 9; or measured the enzymatic activity of DNAse, elastase and myeloperoxidase in retrospective sera from distinct states of infection with L. infantum. We identified profiles that suggest a differential regulation of NETosis pathway between states of infection with L. infantum. Importantly, these signatures point towards novel perspectives for characterization of asymptomatic infections in endemic areas for VL. This evidence concerns the gene MPO and infection.