Three patients (two congestive heart failure, one sudden death due to hyperkalemia) in the low-FGF21 group and eight patients (four heart failure, one stroke, one peripheral vascular disease, one artery/venous thrombosis, one sudden death due to rupture of aneurysm) in the high-FGF21 died of cardiovascular events, while one patient (pneumonia) in the low-FGF21 group and five patients (three cancers, two sepsis) in the high-FGF21 group died of non-cardiovascular events. Here, FGF21 is linked to pneumonia.