KRAS and neoplasm: Patients with tumours exhibiting low mRNA expression for GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2, GABARAPL3 or VAMP2 showed significant association with worse clinical outcome (hazard ratio <1) and significant enrichment for KRAS-G12-activating mutations (P<0.01) (Figures 3a–d, Supplementary Table 2 and Supplementary Data sets 1 and 2), suggesting that in PAAD with G12 KRAS mutations, these genes individually behave as tumour suppressors.