Additionally, SCFA inhibit NF-κB activation in lamina propia macrophages that reduced inflammation that is associated with ulcerative colitis (Lührs et al., 2002) and can also regulate AMPK (Canfora et al., 2015) by activating the UCP2-AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) pathway (den Besten et al., 2015) as well as the GPR43 protein, which play a protective role in the inflammatory activation and signaling. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and ulcerative colitis.