PSM rates also did not vary by surgical technique in patients with stage pT3 cancer (PR: RR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.53–1.53; P = 0.693; AS: RR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.70–1.31; P = 0.802; AR + PR: RR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.26–1.47; P = 0.275, Fig. 8C, respectively). Here, AR is linked to cancer.