To explore the potential molecular mechanisms of Ecrg4 in the pathogenesis of AF, neonatal atrial myocytes were seeded in a 6-well plate containing coverslips, and transduced on the next day with lentiviruses expressing Ecrg4-siRNA to knockdown Ecrg4 or luciferase-siRNA (Luc-siRNA) as a control as described in materials and methods. Here, ECRG4 is linked to atrial fibrillation.