ACACA and hydrops fetalis: Interestingly, in this study, PPARα was significantly inhibited in TAC-induced hypertrophy and HF, and we found that AST upregulated the expression of PPARα and PPARα-targeted genes such as Acaca, Acacb, Cpt1b, Acadm, and Acac1. Furthermore, we also found that the increased expression of PPARα and PPARα targeted gene in AST treatment were inhibited by PPARα siRNA.