TCF4 and colonic neoplasm: Like c-MYC and cyclin D1, ITF-2 functions as an oncogene when deregulated in human colon cancer or ovarian cancer, [18, 31] although other studies have reported that the inactivation of ITF-2 may play a role in early gastric carcinoma progression or in the colonic adenoma to carcinoma transition [33, 34].