TNF and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: In response to the premalignant lesion or HNSCC challenges, lymph node cells of PD-1 antibody-treated mice produced increased levels of IL-17 and TNF-α at weeks 1 and 3 (both IL-17 and TNF-α responses to premalignant and HNSCC p < 0.05 at weeks 1 and 3).