Gene expression profiling, immunofluorescence staining of desmosomal proteins, transmission electron microscopy, and exposure of the cells to apidogenic stimuli allowed these scientists to successfully recapitulate the ARVC phenotype in vitro and provided mechanistic insights into the early disease pathogenesis, such as the association of ARVC phenotype with the upregulation of the pro-adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) [145]. Here, PPARG is linked to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.