To further investigate the effect of UAG treatment on CAC, and compare this to macrophage-forming potential, we performed two in vivo studies: a short-term study to assess dose-dependency of UAG effects in T2D patients; and a study to investigate the effects of long-term UAG treatment in mice with decreased insulin sensitivity induced by diet-induced obesity. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.