Although a bunch of biomarkers such as pANCA, ASCA, lactoferrin, S100A12, granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor, soluble CD14, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein have contributed to our understanding of IBD pathogenesis, none is of sufficient effective to warrant clinical development as predictive biomarkers15. The gene discussed is LTF; the disease is irritable bowel syndrome.