MACC1 and colorectal carcinoma: MACC1 has been established by numerous studies as a biomarker for prognosis of metastasis formation, survival, and prediction of therapy response in a broad variety of solid cancer types, such as in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., CRC and esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer) and hepatocellular, hepatobiliary, renal, bladder, breast, ovarian, cervical, lung, nasopharyngeal, salivary gland, and tongue cancer, as well as in glioblastomas and osteosarcomas.