NR4A2 and Parkinson disease: In the present study, we therefore sought to determine: (1) how VEGF/NURR1 levels and autophagy change in the brain of CYS C-treated A53T α-synuclein (SNCA) mice, an in vivo PD model; (2) in an in vitro study, whether CYS C exerts neuronal–vascular dual functions in promoting DAergic PC12 cell survival and angiogenesis via regulating the secreted protein VEGF in NVUs; (3) how CYS C-mediated enhanced DAergic neuronal autophagy influences VEGF and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in NVUs.