Its phosphorylation could accelerate PD neurodegeneration,38 and the autophagy process could prevent or reverse its phosphorylation.39, 40 The current results revealed that CYS C overexpression profoundly attenuated the 6-OHDA-mediated increase in Ser129-phosphorylated SNCA aggregation, and reversed these contra-directional changes for LC3B-II/LC3B-I and SQSTM1, providing clear evidence of the direct function of CYS C in the autophagic clearance of SNCA aggregation in the in vitro PD model. This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and Parkinson disease.