Therefore, DINE seems to have an impact on αRGCs with axon-growth potential as well as on other types of RGCs such as M1 RGCs after nerve injury.33, 34 These injured RGCs activate and orchestrate multiple signaling pathways, such as mTOR-, STAT3- and Rho-mediated pathways, to enhance robust nerve regeneration1. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is injury.