It has been claimed that CSCs are responsible for metastasis and treatment resistance in NPC, inevitably resulting in treatment failure.4, 33 Interestingly, the silencing of endogenous NEDD8 dramatically represses NPC stem-like features, as observed in the SP assay, spheroid formation assay and tumorigenesis, and enhances cisplatin and radiation efficacy in killing cancer cells. Here, NEDD8 is linked to cancer.