ADH1B and ALDH2 enzyme activities, which depend on the common variants, affect alcohol consumption behavior, and the genotyping of ADH1B and ALDH2 variants can be a surrogate for alcohol consumption in the estimation of risks for several diseases, including esophageal cancer, which were demonstrated by Mendelian randomization approaches31, 32. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH2 and esophageal cancer.