ADH1B and gout: Based on enzyme activity13–15, the “His carrier (His+)” vs. “non-His carrier (His−)” model was selected for the association analysis between gout and rs1229984 (His48Arg) of ADH1B. Regarding the association analysis between gout and rs671 (Glu504Lys) of ALDH2, we adopted the “non-Lys carrier (Lys−)” vs. “Lys carrier (Lys+)” model as described in our previous paper12.