Enrollment of advanced melanoma patients in clinical trials, such as those with Raf inhibitors like Vemurafenib [1] or blockers of immune checkpoints (e.g., Ipilimumab [2] and Nivolumab [3]) is considered to be the standard of care in developed countries since the results of treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic agents are considered to be poor. The gene discussed is RAF1; the disease is melanoma.