After induction of acute colitis with DSS, we found with EdgeR and CuffDiff2 analyses that the expression of 11 genes (Clps, Ddx60, Fgb, Fgg, Ifi44, Ifit2, Isg15, Itih3, Itih4, Oas3 and Usp18), which are involved in antimicrobial response, was increased in MMP-9−/− compared to WT mice (Supplementary Table 1). Here, ISG15 is linked to colitis.