Finally, primary IDH1-mutant AML cells transduced with shRNA#1 lentivirus targeting ACACA exhibited reduced engraftment of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-positive human CD45+CD33+ leukaemic cells compared to scrambled non-targeting shRNA (P value=0.025, Mann–Whitney) in immunodeficient NSG xenografts (Fig. 3i, Supplementary Fig. 4m). This evidence concerns the gene IDH1 and acute myeloid leukemia.