BDNF and schizophrenia: Several clinical studies have suggested that ECT can serve as an augmentation strategy for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, which might enhance dopamine D2 receptor efficacy.45 Moreover, BDNF is involved in the maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and regulation of synaptic plasticity.46 Our findings indicate that the ECT decreases functional connectivity within corticostriatal network.