TLR2 and cerebral malaria: Notably, Plasmodium GPI were described to be primarily recognized by TLR2 or heterodimers of TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 (Krishnegowda et al., 2005), yet TLR-deficiency did not protect mice from experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) (Togbe et al., 2007; Lepenies et al., 2008), indicating that TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory immune responses are not critical in the development of ECM.