Moreover, high‐level expression of five genes was found to be significantly associated (P < 0.05 by the log‐rank test) with outcome of patients with ESCC in the training cohort: four genes (FN1, LOXL2, TAF11, and TMSB4X) were associated with shorter OS and high‐level expression of one gene, CDH1, was associated with a better clinical outcome (Fig. 3B and S3). Here, TMSB4X is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.