Microglia isolated from ALS mice at disease onset expressed higher levels of M2 markers and lower levels of the M1 marker, NADPH oxidase (NOX)2, compared with those isolated at the end-stage of ALS, indicating a diminished function of neuroprotective microglia in the late stage of the disease (Liao et al., 2012). The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.