ALB and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Since most patients with T2DM are not formally evaluated with a renal biopsy, the diagnosis of DN is based on clinical criteria, for example, persistent macroalbuminuria on at least 2 independent occasions (albumin excretion rate > 300 mg/d or >200 mg/l or ACR (albumin/creatinine ratio) > 300 mg/g).