Given that differentiation and expansion of Th17 cells in pulmonary TB is mainly regulated through IL-1β and IL-6-dependent mechanisms (Zhou et al., 2007; Kononova et al., 2015), and the literature demonstrates that neutrophils express and produce cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6, either constitutively or upon activation by micro-environmental stimuli (Cho et al., 2012; Jaillon et al., 2013), further research will help to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the vaccine mc2-CMX to protect against TB. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is tuberculosis.