TGFB1 and breast neoplasm: All of the above findings demonstrate the high ability of CM of TNFα + TGFβ1-stimulated MSCs (Group 4) to promote motility-related functions of breast tumor cells in vitro; importantly, the effects of CM derived from TNFα + TGFβ1-stimulated MSCs were more pronounced than the effects of CM derived from vehicle-treated MSCs (Group 3) or of the cytokines alone (Group 2).