TNF and neoplasm: Moreover, when we determined the motility of MCF-7 cells in response to migration-inducing factors that are present in serum, we found that cancer cells cultured in the presence of TNFα + TGFβ1-derived CM (Group 4) revealed more robust migratory ability than tumor cells exposed to the other treatments, including CM derived from vehicle-treated MSCs (Group 3) or the cytokines alone (Group 2; Figures 9A1,A2).