For example, Hu et al. (2016) showed that HSYA had a protective effect against fibrosis in renal cells through inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling pathway, while Zhang et al. (2011) found that HSYA markedly attenuated the development of liver fibrosis by directly blocking TGF-β1-regulated hepatic stellate cell activation. The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.