CD40 and Hepatic fibrosis: Zhang et al. (2011) found that HSYA reduced collagen A type I, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 gene expression levels in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride, and Wang C.Y. et al. (2014) showed that HSYA decreased gasoline engine exhaust-mediated expression of CD40, MMP-9, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in lung tissue.