CF mice (CFMHH and Cftr−/−), overexpressing Asm-transgenic mice, and heterozygous Ac-deficient mice were all very suceptible to acute or chronic infection with non-mucoid and mucoid P. aeruginosa (Figures 5A–5D and Figures S4C–S4E). Here, ASAH1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.