SERPINE1 and diabetes mellitus: This indicates PAI‐1 may play a role in glucose regulation and is consistent with previous population studies that reported positive correlations between circulating PAI‐1 and glucose levels.6, 51, 52 In addition to observational studies, experimental studies showed that PAI‐1 deficiency via genetic knock‐out or pharmacological inhibition can suppress the levels of blood glucose in mice.53, 54 MR analysis of PAI‐1 with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a consistent effect direction with what is expected based on the glucose findings, but was not significant (Table 2).