SERPINE1 and diabetes mellitus: Finally, we further investigated the causal effect of PAI‐1 on known cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic risk factors (ie, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index [BMI], waist‐hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids, and blood pressure) and subclinical atherosclerosis measures (ie, carotid intima‐media thickness, carotid plaque volume, and coronary artery calcification).