Recapitulating previous reports, we confirmed mutations in 12 genes, including MLL2, FAT1, PIK3CA, EP300, ZNF750, CREBBP, NOTCH3, PTCH1, RB1, KDM6A, TGFBR2 and PTEN. Furthermore, we identified two novel mutated genes, CUL3 and RBPJ, in ESCC (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Data 4). This evidence concerns the gene CUL3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.