CD8A and neoplasm: Conversely, active immunization has not yet demonstrated consistent efficacy in clinical Phase III trials4, 5, 6, raising an urgent need for improved vaccine formulations that should aim at delivering large numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes (CTLeff) to the tumour site while simultaneously establishing a pool of self-replenishing memory cells for durable tumour control7, 8, 9.