Furthermore, GSEA analysis of DEGs between TCGA lung SqCC and ADC cohorts identified a significant upregulation of known HIF-1α target genes41 (Supplementary Fig. 14h), which include GLUT1 and various glycolytic enzymes within the DEGs enriched in the TCGA lung SqCC cohort (Supplementary Fig. 14i). Here, SLC2A1 is linked to AIDS dementia complex.