CAV1 and metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes: In breast cancer, loss of stromal Cav-1 was identified as a predictive biomarker of early tumor recurrence, lymph node metastasis, and tamoxifen-resistance as well as decreased survival in human breast cancer patients [42, 43, 95, 96], suggesting that Cav-1 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.