For example, the E3 ubiquitin ligases MURF1, atrogin-1 (MAFbx) and TRIM32 proteins are the key E3 ubiquitin ligases that mediate protein degradation during muscular atrophy (Bodine et al., 2001; Cohen et al., 2012; Gomes et al., 2001). This evidence concerns the gene FBXO32 and muscular atrophy.