CSF2 and neoplasm: They support the lysis of infected/tumour cells and secrete various inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, which support the maturation and priming of T cells and the development of a viral antigen-specific response, including interferon-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α), GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and others [54].