Plymate et al. demonstrated that restored expression of IGF-1R in malignant prostate cells slowed down growth both in vitro and in vivo [33], while an in vivo study by Sutherland et al. showed that conditional prostate-specific IGF-1R knockout caused cell proliferation, hyperplasia and the emergence of aggressive PCa when p53 activity was compromised [34]. Here, IGF1R is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.