The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (INSR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in a retrospective series of 270 primary prostate cancer (PCa) specimens was evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) (Fig. 1) and compared with normal prostate tissues. Here, IGF1R is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.