IGF-1 expression was decreased in the T2E-negative advanced PCa cases (cT3a or greater, p-value < 0.0001; pN1 or greater, p-value = 0.037; Fisher’s exact test; Additional file 3) and in the T2E-positive cases (pT3 or greater, p-value = 0.037; pN1 or greater, p-value = 0.004; Fisher’s exact test; Additional file 4). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and posterior cortical atrophy.