The natural history of chronic HBV infection may be divided into five phases, namely, immune-tolerant phase (IT), immune-reactive phase (IR, also known as immune active/immune clearance/HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B/HBeAg clearance phase), low replicative phase (LR, also referred to as the “inactive HBsAg carrier” state), reactivation phase (RA, previously also referred to as “HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B”), and HBsAg-negative phase (HN) [2, 6]. This evidence concerns the gene HBE1 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.